$("#updateEmployee").click(function () {
            var dataId = $(this).attr('data-id');
            var dataFullName = $(this).attr('data-fullname');
            console.log(dataFullName);
            $('#employee_id').val(dataId);
            $("#full_name_update").val(dataFullName);
        });

<a type="button" class="btn-sm btn-primary" id="updateEmployee" data-id="{{ $employee->id }}" data-fullname="{{ $employee->full_name }}" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#bs-example-modal-lg1">Düzenle</a>