İki kere sorgu yapıp yormanıza gerek yok.

<?
echo '<form action="" method="post">
<table class="table">
       <tr><th>Seçiniz</th>
            <td>Seçim 1</td>
            <td>Seçim 2</td></tr><tr>
<td></td>
<td><select name="m_tk1">';
 
$sorgu = $baglanti->query('SELECT id, isim FROM tabloismi where sart = "'.$l_id.'"');
$sonuc = $sorgu->fetch_assoc();
while ($sonuc) { 
    $id = $sonuc['id'];
    $isim = $sonuc['isim'];
    echo '<option value="'.$id.'">'.$isim.'</option>';
}
echo "</select></td>";
echo "<td><select name=\"m_tk2\">";
while ($sonuc) {
    $id = $sonuc['id'];
    $isim = $sonuc['isim'];
    echo '<option value="'.$id.'">'.$isim.'</option>';
}  
    echo '</select></td></tr>
    <input type="hidden" name="onceki" value="'.$onceki_id.'" class="form-control" >
         <td></td>
            <td><input class="btn btn-primary"  type="submit" value="İleri"></td>
         
    </table>
</form>';
?>